Study of the factors affecting ABO grouping of blood stains

The biologist in forensic work is confronted with many problems on grouping of dry blood stains; these problems are due to many factors and environmental changes, which may mislead the analysis. The present work deals with the factors affecting ABO grouping of dry blood stains in Riyadh, including exposure to extremes of temperature, from refrigeration at -4C up to heating at 150C, effect of time till six months, occurrence of the stains on different fabrics, and effect of putrefaction. The results showed that, ABO grouping of dry blood stains was not affected by different substrata or cloth fabrics. 30% of the samples gave irronious results when exposed to temperature at 150C for 2 hours. Storage for six months at room temperature ranged from 29C-44C, representing the ambient temperature met with in Riyadh, gave no effects. Putrefaction showed that the antigraphic were deteriorated in 80% of cases after 90 days. Chromatographic separation was a suitable procedure before grouping the samples which were buried in sand or mud

Evaluation of blood lead level among population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Air pollution is a national problem, that recognizes no geographical or political boundaries. Most of the atmospheric lead is emitted from two main sources, motor vehicles and industrial sources, such as metal melting, coal and oil combustion, iron and steel production. The aim of the present work is to measure the blood lead level among residents near and far from the high ways, to evaluate the effect of motor vehicle emission on the environmental pollution along the high ways in Riyadh City